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This particular Assignment references the syllabus chosen for the subject of Biochemistry, for the January 2024 - December 2024 session. The code for the assignment is BBCCT-109 and it is often used by students who are enrolled in the BSC (Honours) Degree.
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PART-(A)
1. Differentiate the terms and give suitable example of each:
(a) Obligate and facultative anaerobes
(b) Oxidative and substrate level phosphorylation
2. (a) Name two coenzymes derived from the vitamin riboflavin. Write one reaction indicating their role.
(b) Explain the regulation of glycolysis pathway.
3. (a) Describe the role of pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex in acetyl CoA synthesis.
(b) What is pentose phosphate pathway and its importance?
4. (a) Which factors govern the reciprocal regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis and why is it important?
(b) Demonstrate the role of reversible covalent modification of enzymes in glycogen metabolism.
5. (a) Draw Calvin cycle and explain carbon fixation by RuBisCo in plants.
(b) What are the clinical implications if blood glucose homeostasis is not maintained?
PART- (B)
6. (a) With the help of a neat diagram, explain the stages in digestion, absorption and transport of dietary fats.
(b) What is the product of last reaction in β- oxidation of a saturated fatty acid with odd number of carbon atoms? Explain its fate in animals and plants.
7. (a) Write short notes on Refsum’s disease and ketosis.
(b) Write the role of acetyl CoA carboxylase in fatty acid synthesis.
8. (a) Name the key regulatory enzyme of de novo cholesterol biosynthesis. How does it exert the regulation?
(b) Calculate the energy cost of synthesis of palmitic acid.
9. (a) Explain the synthesis of triacylglycerols from dihydroxyacetone as precursor.
(b) Which type of lipids use ceramide as backbone? Give a general overview of the pathway for synthesis of ceramide.
10. (a) Write different possible fates of glucose in liver.
(b) Explain the role of any two hormone signals which regulate fat metabolism.
PART-(A)
1. Define the terms:
(a) Autotrophs
(b) Amphibolic reactions
(c) Fermentation
(d) Primary metabolic pathways
(e) Anabolism
2. (a) Explain metabolism and write its functions.
(b) What is substrate level phosphorylation? Write reactions of glycolysis in which substrate level phosphorylation takes place.
3. (a) With the help of a neatly labeled diagram, explain different steps of TCA cycle and its significance.
(b) Describe the coordinated regulation of TCA and glyoxylate cycles.
4. (a) Describe the process of glycogenesis.
(b) What are glycogen storage diseases? Explain any two.
5. (a) Explain the mechanisms involved in concentration of CO2 in C4 plants and indicate the relevance of these adaptations for plant growth
(b) Compare the characteristics of C3, C4 and CAM plants
PART- (B)
6. (a) How are fatty acids activated and transported to the site of their oxidation?
(b) Define ketogenesis, is it a normal, physiological process? Explain why it goes up in conditions of starvation and uncontrolled diabetes?
7. (a) How does β oxidation of fatty acids in peroxisomes different from that occurring in mitochondria?
(b) Illustrate organization of various domains of animal fatty acid synthase and write their activities.
8. (a) Explain the allosteric resgulation of fatty acid biosynthesis.
(b) Write the role of various lipoproteins in lipid transport.
9. (a) What are the four different pathways of TAG synthesis? Explain any one.
(b) How is cholesterol biosynthesis regulated?
10. (a) Which is the major phospholipid present in human lung surfactant and how is it synthesized?
(b) Name the lipid that accumulates in Faber’s disease and Tay-Sach’s disease. Explain the signs and symptoms of these diseases.
भाग-क
1. प्रत्येक का एक उदाहरण देते हुए निम्नलिखित शब्दों में विभेद करें:
क. अवैकल्पिक एवं वैकल्पिक अवायवीय
ख. ऑक्सीकारक एवं सबस्ट्रेट स्तरीय फॉस्फारिलीकरण
2.क. राइबोफ्लेविन व्युत्पन्न दो कोएंजाइम के नाम बताइए। इनकी भूमिका को इंगित करते हुए एक अभिक्रिया लिखिए।
ख. ग्लाइकोलाइसिस मार्ग के विनियमन का वर्णन करें।
3 क. एसिटाइल को ए संश्लेषण में पाइरूवेट डिहाइड्रोजिनेज एंजाइम संकुल की भूमिका की व्याख्या करें।
ख. पेंटोस फॉस्फेट मार्ग एवं उसका महत्व क्या है?
4 क. कौन से कारक ग्लाइकोलाइसिस एवं ग्लाइकोनिओजेनेसिस के व्युत्क्रम विनियमन का नियंत्रित करते हैं और यह क्यों महत्वपूर्ण है?
ख. ग्लाइकोजन उपापचय में एंजाइमों के प्रतिवर्ती सहसंयोजक संशोधन की भूमिका को दर्शाइए | 5
5 क. कैल्विन चक्र को आरेखित कीजिए और पौधों में RuBisCo द्वारा कार्बन स्थिरीकरण की व्याख्या कीजिए ।
ख. यदि रक्त ग्लूकोज समस्थापन को बनाए नहीं रखा जाता है तो नैदानिक परिणाम क्या होते हैं?
भाग - ख
6 क. एक सुरेख की सहायता से आहारीय वसा के अवशोषण और अभिगमन के चरणों की समझाइए ।
ख. विषम संख्या में कार्बन अणुओं वाले संतृप्त वसा अम्लों के B ऑक्सीकरण के अंतिम अभिक्रिया के उत्पाद क्या हैं? पशुओं और पादपों में इनके अंतिम परिणाम की व्याख्या कीजिए ।
7 क. रेफसम रोग और कीटोसिस पर संक्षिप्त टिप्पणी लिखिए ।
ख. फैटी एसिड संश्लेषण में एसिटाइल को ए कार्बोक्सिलेज की भूमिका लिखें।
8 क. डी नोवो कोलेस्ट्रॉल जैवसंश्लेषण के प्रमुख नियामक एंजाइम का नाम बताइए। यह विनियमन कैसे लागू करता है?
ख. पामिटिक अम्ल संश्लेषण की ऊर्जा लागत की गणना करें।
9 क. सब्सट्रेट के रूप में डाइहाइड्रॉक्सीएसीटोन से ट्राईसिलग्लिसरॉल के संश्लेषण की व्याख्या करें। 5
ख. किस प्रकार के लिपिड सेरामाइड को रीढ़ के रूप में उपयोग करते हैं? सेरामाइड के संश्लेषण के मार्ग का एक सामान्य अवलोकन दें।
10 क. यकृत में ग्लूकोज के विभिन्न संभावित भाग्य लिखिए ।
ख. वसा उपापचय को नियंत्रित करने वाले किन्हीं दो हार्मोन संकेतों की भूमिका स्पष्ट करें।
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