IGNOU AEC-01 - Environmental Chemistry

1 a) Describe in brief the two phases of soil genesis. b) Describe the effects of soil aeration on the metal ions present in it. 2 a) What is meant by soil fertility evaluation? Describe the concepts involved in soil fertility. b) What are the different methods of desalination of brackish water? 3 a) Why the methods of bio monitoring of water quality are more precise and sensitive than those of chemical analysis? b) In agriculture, what will be the adverse effects of using water has high Na+ concentration. 4 a) Describe the regions of atmosphere based our chemical composition. b) Explain the air pollution ecosystem. 5 a) Describe the common forms of air pollutants. b) Discuss the ways of controlling anthropogenic air pollutants. 6 a) Discuss the method of aeration in the treatment of doing wastes. What are the problems associated with this method? b) Describe the effects of pesticides in ecosystem. 7 a) Explain important parameters which are required to be known for proper treatment of sewage. b) Briefly discuss the water associated hazards from ingestion of biological agents 8 a) List the precautions which must be followed during sampling for analysis. b) Describe the application of ion exchange in treatment of petroleum refinery drainage water. 9 a) Describe briefly the principle and working of the glass electrode. How is the pH of soil measured? b) Find the cell constant for a conductance cell in which the conductance, G, of a 0.100 M KCl solution is 0.01178 at 25° C. The molar conductance for 0.100 M KCl at 25° C is 128.96 S cm2 mol-1. If a 0.0500 M solution of an electrolyte has a measured conductance of 0.00824 S using this cell, what is the molar conductance of the electrolyte? 10 a) Discuss the basic components of flame photo meter and atomic absorption spectrometer. Write down the limitations and advantages of both the techniques. b) Why coliforms are selected as indicator microorganisms? Discus briefly the membrane filter tests for their detection in water. What are advantages and disadvantages of this method over other methods?

1. a) Describe in brief the two phases of soil genesis. b) Describe the effects of soil aeration on the metal ions present in it. 2. a) What is meant by soil fertility evaluation? Describe the concepts involved in soil fertility. b) What is the relation between girls' school attendance, and drinking water scarcity in a rural area? c) What are the different methods of desalination of brackish water? 3. a) What are the reasons for not utilizing the rainwater along the hill slopes of India? b) Why the methods of bio-monitoring of water quality are more precise and sensitive than those of chemical analysis? c) In agriculture, what will be the adverse effects of using water has high Nat concentration? d) Henry’s law constant for oxygen gas at Calculate the dissolved oxygen content, if the partial pressure of the oxygen gas over water is 4. a) Describe the regions of the atmosphere based on our chemical composition. b) Explain the air pollution ecosystem. 5. a) Describe the common forms of air pollutants. b) Discuss the ways of controlling anthropogenic air pollutants. 6. a) Discuss the method of aeration in the treatment of waste. What are the problems associated with this method? b) Describe the effects of pesticides on the ecosystem. 7. a) Explain important parameters which are required to be known for the proper treatment of sewage. b) Briefly discuss the water-associated hazards from the ingestion of biological agents 8. a) List the precautions which must be followed during sampling for analy b) Describe the application of ion exchange in the treatment of petroleum refinery drainage water. 9. a) Describe briefly the principle and working of the glass electrode. How is the pH of Soil measured? b) Find the cell constant for a conductance cell in which the conductance, G, of a 0.100 M conductance of 0.00824 S using this cell, what is the molar conductance of the electrolyte? 10. a) Discuss the basic components of the flame photometer and atomic absorption spectrometer. Write down the limitations and advantages of both techniques b) Why coliforms are selected as indicator microorganisms? Discuss briefly the membrane filter tests for their detection in water. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this method over other methods?