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This particular Assignment references the syllabus chosen for the subject of Philosophy, for the December 2023 - June 2024 session. The code for the assignment is BPY-02 and it is often used by students who are enrolled in the BA Degree.
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1. What is definition? Explain different kinds of definitions. Briefly explain the limit to define something.
Or
What is induction? Write a note on the problems with induction.
2. Differentiate between formal and informal fallacies. Write a note on different kinds of informal fallacies.
Or
What is reasoning? Differentiate between inductive and deductive reasoning.
3. Answer any two of the following questions in about 200 words each.
a) Differentiate between constructive and simple dilemma with examples.
b) Write a note on square of opposition.
c) If ‘All nations are democratic country.’ is true. Determine the truth-value of the followings and state the relation with the given statement.
i) No nations are democratic country.
ii) Some nations are not democratic country.
iii) Some nations are not non-democratic country.
iv) No democratic country is nation.
v) Some non-nations are democratic country.
d) What are the limits of Aristotelian logic? Do you think that symbolic logic sorts out the problems of Aristotelian logic?
4. Answer any four of the following questions in about 150 words each.
a) What is implication?
b) Write a short essay on existential import.
c) How dilemma can be avoided?
d) What is logic?
e) Differentiate between Universal Generalization and Existential Generalization.
f) Write a short essay on the relation between Logic and language.
5. Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each.
a) Fallacy of redundant definition
b) The Stroke Function
c) Modus Ponens
d) Hypothetical Proposition.
e) Analytic a-priori
f) Truth value
g) Bi-conditional
h) Fallacy of Undistributed middle term
1. What is definition? Explain different kinds of definitions. Briefly explain the limit to define something.
Or
Discuss,
a) Differentiate between inductive and deductive reasoning.
b) Relation between truth and validity in deductive logic.
2. What is quantification? Write a note on the quantification rules.
Or
What is a dilemma? How can we avoid dilemma?
3. Answer any two of the following questions in about 200 words each.
a) Write a note on the sentential connectives.
b) Write a note on the rules of inference.
c) If ‘Some economists are not musicians.’ is true. Determine the truth-value of the followings and state the relation with the given statement.
i) All economists are musicians.
ii) Some economists are musicians.
iii) Some economists are non-musicians.
iv) No economists are musicians.
v) Some musicians are economists.
d) What are the limits of Aristotelian logic? Do you think that symbolic logic sorts out the problems of Aristotelian logic?
4. Answer any four of the following questions in about 150 words each.
a) State rules of logical division.
b) Write a note on contradictory and contrary relation.
c) Differentiate between constructive and simple dilemma with examples.
d) Differentiate between Proposition and sentence.
e) Write a note on existential import.
f) Write a note on the dagger function.
5. Write short notes on any five of the following in about 100 words each.
a) Mood
b) The Stroke Function
c) Modus Tollens
d) Categorical Syllogism
e) Symbolic logic
f) Implication
g) Bi-conditional
h) Figure
1. परिभाषा क्या है? विभिन्न प्रकारों की परिभाषाओं की व्याख्या कीजिए। किसी को परिभाषित करने की सीमा की संक्षिप्त व्याख्या कीजिए।
अथवा
आगमन क्या है? आगमन की समस्याओं पर टिप्पणी लिखिए।
2. औपचारिक एवं अनौपचारिक तर्कदोषों में भेद कीजिए । भिन्न प्रकार के अनौपचारिक तर्कदोषों पर टिप्पणी कीजिए।
अथवा
तर्क क्या है? आगमन और निगमन तर्कों के मध्य अन्तर कीजिए।
3. निम्नलिखित में से किन्हीं दो प्रश्नों के उत्तर लगभग 200-200 शब्दों में लिखिए।
अ) रचनात्मक एवं सरल उभयतःपाश में सोदाहरण भेद कीजिए ।
आ) विरोध वर्ग पर टिप्पणी लिखिए।
इ) यदि "सभी राष्ट्र लोकतांत्रिक देश हैं" सत्य है। तो, निम्नलिखित कथनों का सत्यता मूल्य निर्धारित कीजिए एवं पूर्वोक्त कथन से इन कथनों का सम्बन्ध बताइये।
क) कोई भी राष्ट्र लोकतांत्रिक देश नहीं हैं।
ख) कुछ राष्ट्र लोकतांत्रिक देश नहीं हैं।
ग) कुछ राष्ट्र गैर-लोकतांत्रिक देश नहीं हैं।
घ) कोई भी लोकतांत्रिक देश राष्ट्र नहीं है।
ङ) कुछ गैर-राष्ट्र लोकतांत्रिक देश हैं।
ई) अरस्तू के तर्कशात्र की क्या सीमाएं हैं? क्या आप मानते हैं कि प्रतीकात्मक तर्कशास्त्र ने अरस्तू के तर्कशास्त्र की समस्याओं को हल किया है?
4. निम्नलिखित में से किन्हीं चार प्रश्नों के उत्तर लगभग 150-150 शब्दों में लिखिए।
अ) आपादन (इम्पिल्केशन) क्या है?
आ) अस्तित्वपरक आशय (एक्जेन्शियल इम्पोर्ट) पर लघु निबन्ध लिखिए।
इ) उभयतःपाश का परिहार कैसे किया जा सकता है?
ई) तर्कशास्त्र क्या है?
उ) सार्वभौमिक सामान्यीकरण एवं अस्तित्वपरक सामान्यीकरण में भेद कीजिए।
ऊ) तर्कशास्त्र एवं भाषा के सम्बन्ध पर लघु निबन्ध लिखिए।
5. निम्नलिखित में से किन्हीं पांच पर लगभग 100-100 शब्दों में लघु टिप्पणी लिखिए।
अ) व्यर्थ परिभाषा का दोष
आ) स्ट्रॉक फलन
इ) मॉडस पॉनेन्स
ई) प्राक्कल्पित प्रतिज्ञप्ति
(उ) विश्लेणात्मक अनुभव-निरपेक्ष
ऊ) सत्यता मूल्य
ए) द्वि-उपाधिक
ऐ) अवितरित मध्यम पद का दोष
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